Lecture 10 Contrastive studies of the development of the semantic structure of English and Ukrainian words презентация
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- 2. Lecture 10 Contrast is the occurance of different elements to
- 3. …..in every object there is inexhaustible meaning Thomas Carlyle
- 4. Plan 1. Systemic organization of lexicon. 2. Semantic change.
- 5. systemic organization of lexicon conditioned in all languages by lingual
- 6. common notions the physical needs of human beings ………………………………………….. mental
- 7. culturally biased words the English farthing, shilling, haggis the Ukrainian
- 8. typologically relevant groups universal lexicon nationally specific lexicon Trying
- 9. word semantic development The assumptions about the most probable direction of
- 10. polysemy is a semantic universal inherent in the fundamental structure of
- 11. “principle of diversity of meaning” G.K.Zipf tried to find a mathematical
- 12. metaphoric and metonymic transference of meaning Metaphor (from Greek μεταφορά –
- 13. Semasiological approach lexical meanings are considered to be psychological entities, thoughts
- 14. Onomasiological approach is treated as the general principle of nomination, e.g.
- 15. Stylistic approach: metaphor is considered to be one of the tropes.
- 16. Metaphorisation Metaphorisation is most vividly represented on the lexical level and
- 17. position, for example, Ukr.: голова колони,Eng.: foot of the mountain, a
- 18. 2) Similarity by physiological and psychological impressions from the perception of
- 19. Most often such metaphors reflect the feeling of touch, for example,
- 20. metaphors Transference from the sphere of the physical world to psychological
- 21. 3) Similarity which exists only in the imagination of the speaker
- 22. S.Ullmann suggests the following types of transference: a) anthropomorphic, b) zoomorphic,
- 23. E.g. “religious” and “agricultural” metaphors used to be quite popular in
- 24. Classification of the models of the metaphoric evaluative lexical units is
- 25. metonymy (from Greek μετωνυμία – renaming ) is the result of
- 26. approaches to metonymy treatment 1. Semasiological approach. It is considered to
- 27. Stylistic approach. Metonymy is considered to be one of the tropes.
- 28. for nouns: The container for the thing contained, for example,
- 29. The object for a certain activity, for example, Ukr.:гкорона, скіпетр, трон
- 30. The feature (quality, action etc.) for its subject. Here metonymy can
- 31. for verbs Process the object in a way and obtain, extract
- 32. Metonymy frequently occurs in phraseological units, for example, Ukr.: до сивого
- 33. Hyperbole Hyperbole (from Greek ύπερβολή – overexaggeration) is based on intentional
- 34. Litotes Litotes (from Greek λιτότης – simplicity) is aimed at making
- 35. Irony Irony (from Greek είρωνεία – mockery) is the type of
- 36. Euphemism Euphemism (Greek εύφημισμός – mild expression, from εϋ – well
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