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![ME consonant system
Assibilation OE palatal [k’] developed into the affricate ME consonant system
Assibilation OE palatal [k’] developed into the affricate](/documents_7/669f1c11fc8beabf59f2db8accebfd8e/img16.jpg)



Слайды и текст этой презентации
Слайд 3


Описание слайда:
Literature
Расторгуева Т.А. История английского языка. – М.: Астрель, 2005. – С. 190-200.
Ильиш Б.А. История английского языка. – Л.: Просвещение, 1972. – С. 142-174.
Иванова И.П., Чахоян Л.П. История английского языка. – М.: Высшая школа, 1976. – С.67-78.
Студенець Г.І. Історія англійської мови в таблицях. - К.: КДЛУ, 1998. – Tables 65-74
Слайд 5


Описание слайда:
Quantitative changes of vowels in Late OE and Early ME
At the end of OE / at the beginning of ME stressed vowels underwent a number of quantitative changes, short vowels were phonemically opposed to long ones
In late OE / early ME vowel length began to depend on phonetic conditions
Lengthening Short vowels became long before two homorganic consonant (a sonorant + plosive)
L+D OE ald, cild, wild – ME āld, cīld, wīld
N+D OE wind, findan, blind – ME wīnd, fīndan, blīnd
M+B OE climban – ME clīmben
Слайд 6
![Shortening before other clusters
All other groups of 2 or more consonants produced the reverse effect: they made the preceding vowels short
OE sōft, cēpte, blēdde – ME soft, cepte, bledde
OE fīftig, wīsdom, wīfmann – ME fifty, wisdom
The 3rd consonant [r] prevented
the lengthening in cildru, bewildrian
!!! Long vowels resisted shortening before st east, mǽst but in some words they didn’t
dūst, fyst, rūst – dust, fist, rust](/documents_7/669f1c11fc8beabf59f2db8accebfd8e/img5.jpg)
![Shortening before other clusters
All other groups of 2 or more consonants produced the reverse effect: they made the preceding vowels short
OE sōft, cēpte, blēdde – ME soft, cepte, bledde
OE fīftig, wīsdom, wīfmann – ME fifty, wisdom
The 3rd consonant [r] prevented
the lengthening in cildru, bewildrian
!!! Long vowels resisted shortening before st east, mǽst but in some words they didn’t
dūst, fyst, rūst – dust, fist, rust](/documents_7/669f1c11fc8beabf59f2db8accebfd8e/img5.jpg)
Описание слайда:
Shortening before other clusters
All other groups of 2 or more consonants produced the reverse effect: they made the preceding vowels short
OE sōft, cēpte, blēdde – ME soft, cepte, bledde
OE fīftig, wīsdom, wīfmann – ME fifty, wisdom
The 3rd consonant [r] prevented
the lengthening in cildru, bewildrian
!!! Long vowels resisted shortening before st east, mǽst but in some words they didn’t
dūst, fyst, rūst – dust, fist, rust
Слайд 7
![Lengthening Vowels became long + more open in open syllables mainly affected open vowels [e, a, o] seldom [i, u]
OE open, wike, nama – ME open, weke, name
Long vowels remained long in open syllables, short vowels – short in open syllables
OE cū, winter – ME cow, winter
In spite of some restrictions lengthening affected many words.
Lengthening didn’t occur in polysyllabic words
(lāferce →laferce →larke) and before some suffixes (OE bodig – ME body, OE sūðerne – ME southern, OE haligdæg – ME holiday)](/documents_7/669f1c11fc8beabf59f2db8accebfd8e/img6.jpg)
![Lengthening Vowels became long + more open in open syllables mainly affected open vowels [e, a, o] seldom [i, u]
OE open, wike, nama – ME open, weke, name
Long vowels remained long in open syllables, short vowels – short in open syllables
OE cū, winter – ME cow, winter
In spite of some restrictions lengthening affected many words.
Lengthening didn’t occur in polysyllabic words
(lāferce →laferce →larke) and before some suffixes (OE bodig – ME body, OE sūðerne – ME southern, OE haligdæg – ME holiday)](/documents_7/669f1c11fc8beabf59f2db8accebfd8e/img6.jpg)
Описание слайда:
Lengthening Vowels became long + more open in open syllables mainly affected open vowels [e, a, o] seldom [i, u]
OE open, wike, nama – ME open, weke, name
Long vowels remained long in open syllables, short vowels – short in open syllables
OE cū, winter – ME cow, winter
In spite of some restrictions lengthening affected many words.
Lengthening didn’t occur in polysyllabic words
(lāferce →laferce →larke) and before some suffixes (OE bodig – ME body, OE sūðerne – ME southern, OE haligdæg – ME holiday)
Слайд 8


Описание слайда:
Quantitative changes of vowels in Early ME
As compared with
quantitative vowel changes,
qualitative vowel changes in
Early ME were less important.
They affected
several monophthongs
and displayed
considerable dialectal diversity,
the changes were independent
of phonetic environment.
Слайд 15
![Levelling of unstressed vowels
All unstressed vowels were weakened and reduced to a neutral vowel [ə]
(OE sunu - ME sone).
Beginning with the 13th c. some dialects showed certain variations in spelling of unstressed vowels, which probably reflected peculiarities of pronunciation: askid, fadur.
The tendency to phonetic reduction began in OE, in Early ME the pronunciation of unstressed syllables became indistinct.](/documents_7/669f1c11fc8beabf59f2db8accebfd8e/img14.jpg)
![Levelling of unstressed vowels
All unstressed vowels were weakened and reduced to a neutral vowel [ə]
(OE sunu - ME sone).
Beginning with the 13th c. some dialects showed certain variations in spelling of unstressed vowels, which probably reflected peculiarities of pronunciation: askid, fadur.
The tendency to phonetic reduction began in OE, in Early ME the pronunciation of unstressed syllables became indistinct.](/documents_7/669f1c11fc8beabf59f2db8accebfd8e/img14.jpg)
Описание слайда:
Levelling of unstressed vowels
All unstressed vowels were weakened and reduced to a neutral vowel [ə]
(OE sunu - ME sone).
Beginning with the 13th c. some dialects showed certain variations in spelling of unstressed vowels, which probably reflected peculiarities of pronunciation: askid, fadur.
The tendency to phonetic reduction began in OE, in Early ME the pronunciation of unstressed syllables became indistinct.
Слайд 16
![In OE 5 vowels were distinguished in unstressed position (representing 3 opposed phonemes [e/i], [o/u], [a]), Late ME had only 2 vowels in unstressed position [ə/ i], which were never directly contrasted – phonemic contrasts in unstressed vowels had been lost.
The loss of [ə] started in the North, spread to the Midlands, reached the South areas by the 15th c. When the ending survived in spelling, it was understood as a means of showing the length of the vowel in the preceding syllable, it was added to the words that never had it before (OE rād, stān, hūs – ME rode, stone, house)](/documents_7/669f1c11fc8beabf59f2db8accebfd8e/img15.jpg)
![In OE 5 vowels were distinguished in unstressed position (representing 3 opposed phonemes [e/i], [o/u], [a]), Late ME had only 2 vowels in unstressed position [ə/ i], which were never directly contrasted – phonemic contrasts in unstressed vowels had been lost.
The loss of [ə] started in the North, spread to the Midlands, reached the South areas by the 15th c. When the ending survived in spelling, it was understood as a means of showing the length of the vowel in the preceding syllable, it was added to the words that never had it before (OE rād, stān, hūs – ME rode, stone, house)](/documents_7/669f1c11fc8beabf59f2db8accebfd8e/img15.jpg)
Описание слайда:
In OE 5 vowels were distinguished in unstressed position (representing 3 opposed phonemes [e/i], [o/u], [a]), Late ME had only 2 vowels in unstressed position [ə/ i], which were never directly contrasted – phonemic contrasts in unstressed vowels had been lost.
The loss of [ə] started in the North, spread to the Midlands, reached the South areas by the 15th c. When the ending survived in spelling, it was understood as a means of showing the length of the vowel in the preceding syllable, it was added to the words that never had it before (OE rād, stān, hūs – ME rode, stone, house)
Слайд 17
![ME consonant system
Assibilation OE palatal [k’] developed into the affricate [t∫]
[k’] → [t∫] OE cild, ælc → ME child, each
[sk’] → [∫] OE scip, scinan → ME ship, shinen
[g’] → [dʒ] OE brycʒ, secʒan, lecʒan → ME bridge, seggen, leggen – due to the analogy with the past forms seide, saide (OE sæʒde), leide, laide (OE læʒde)
In Northern dialects – kirk (church), birk (birch)](/documents_7/669f1c11fc8beabf59f2db8accebfd8e/img16.jpg)
![ME consonant system
Assibilation OE palatal [k’] developed into the affricate [t∫]
[k’] → [t∫] OE cild, ælc → ME child, each
[sk’] → [∫] OE scip, scinan → ME ship, shinen
[g’] → [dʒ] OE brycʒ, secʒan, lecʒan → ME bridge, seggen, leggen – due to the analogy with the past forms seide, saide (OE sæʒde), leide, laide (OE læʒde)
In Northern dialects – kirk (church), birk (birch)](/documents_7/669f1c11fc8beabf59f2db8accebfd8e/img16.jpg)
Описание слайда:
ME consonant system
Assibilation OE palatal [k’] developed into the affricate [t∫]
[k’] → [t∫] OE cild, ælc → ME child, each
[sk’] → [∫] OE scip, scinan → ME ship, shinen
[g’] → [dʒ] OE brycʒ, secʒan, lecʒan → ME bridge, seggen, leggen – due to the analogy with the past forms seide, saide (OE sæʒde), leide, laide (OE læʒde)
In Northern dialects – kirk (church), birk (birch)
Слайд 18
![Loss of initial “h” before sonorants
Loss of initial “h” before sonorants
([h] dropping)
[hr] → [r] OE hrinʒ → ME ring
[hl] → [l] OE hlūd → ME loud
[hn] → [n] OE hnut → ME nut
Loss of endings in weak final position
OE gamen → ME game
OE sittan → ME sitten → sit
Shortening of long consonants full [ful]](/documents_7/669f1c11fc8beabf59f2db8accebfd8e/img17.jpg)
![Loss of initial “h” before sonorants
Loss of initial “h” before sonorants
([h] dropping)
[hr] → [r] OE hrinʒ → ME ring
[hl] → [l] OE hlūd → ME loud
[hn] → [n] OE hnut → ME nut
Loss of endings in weak final position
OE gamen → ME game
OE sittan → ME sitten → sit
Shortening of long consonants full [ful]](/documents_7/669f1c11fc8beabf59f2db8accebfd8e/img17.jpg)
Описание слайда:
Loss of initial “h” before sonorants
Loss of initial “h” before sonorants
([h] dropping)
[hr] → [r] OE hrinʒ → ME ring
[hl] → [l] OE hlūd → ME loud
[hn] → [n] OE hnut → ME nut
Loss of endings in weak final position
OE gamen → ME game
OE sittan → ME sitten → sit
Shortening of long consonants full [ful]
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