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KYIV NATIONAL LINGUISTIC UNIVERSITY







![Splitting of [a] / [a:] in Early OE PG [a] Splitting of [a] / [a:] in Early OE PG [a]](/documents_7/9244b4a4e176f6eeda0a1260f1c52ac4/img7.jpg)












![Metathesis [mə́ʹtæθəsıs]
Two sounds exchange their place
There are two Metathesis [mə́ʹtæθəsıs]
Two sounds exchange their place
There are two](/documents_7/9244b4a4e176f6eeda0a1260f1c52ac4/img20.jpg)


Слайды и текст этой презентации
Слайд 3


Описание слайда:
Literature
Расторгуева Т.А. История английского языка. – М.: Астрель, 2005. – С. 75-90.
Ильиш Б.А. История английского языка. – Л.: Просвещение, 1972. – С. 44-56.
Иванова И.П., Чахоян Л.П. История английского языка. – М.: Высшая школа, 1976. – С. 53-67.
Студенець Г.І. Історія англійської мови в таблицях. - К.: КДЛУ, 1998. – Tables 32-39
Слайд 4


Описание слайда:
Word Stress in OE
Word stress inherited from PG underwent no changes in OE.
In EPG the stress was still movable; in LPG it became fixed on the first syllable.
The OE period was characterized by a system of fixed stress. The stress was fixed on the first syllable.
Due to the force of articulation the stressed and unstressed syllables underwent different changes: stressed syllables were pronounced with great distinctness and precision, while unstressed syllables became less distinct and phonetically weakened.
Слайд 5


Описание слайда:
In disyllabic and polysyllabic words the stress
In disyllabic and polysyllabic words the stress
fell on the root morpheme or on the first syllable. Word stress was fixed: it remained on the same syllable in different grammatical forms of the word and as a rule didn’t shift in word building as well.
e.g. Nom. Sing. scip (ship), ʹhlaford (lord)
Dat. Sing. ʹscipu, ʹhlaforde
Polysyllabic words, especially compounds, may have had 2 stresses (primary and secondary).
e.g. OE boc-hus (a library)
The verbal prefixes were unstressed
e.g. OE misʹfaran (to mislead),
andʹswarian (to answer), the nominal, adjectival prefixes were stressed
e.g. ʹandswaru (an answer).
Слайд 9


Описание слайда:
The tendency to assimilative vowel changes
Under the influence of succeeding and preceding consonants some Early OE monophthongs developed into diphthongs.
If a front vowel stood before a velar consonant there developed a short glide between them, as the organs of speech prepared themselves for the transition from one sound to another.
The glide together with the original monophthong formed a diphthong.
Слайд 11
![Front mutation
(Palatal mutation, I-Umlaut)
Fronting and raising of root vowels under the influence of [i], [j] in the following syllable.
i /y < u Goth. fuljan – OE fyllan, OE mus-mys
e < o Goth. dohtar – OE dehter, OE boc-bec
æ < a Goth. saljan, ān – OE sellan, æniʒ
ie < ea, eo OE eald – OE ieldra, ieldest](/documents_7/9244b4a4e176f6eeda0a1260f1c52ac4/img10.jpg)
![Front mutation
(Palatal mutation, I-Umlaut)
Fronting and raising of root vowels under the influence of [i], [j] in the following syllable.
i /y < u Goth. fuljan – OE fyllan, OE mus-mys
e < o Goth. dohtar – OE dehter, OE boc-bec
æ < a Goth. saljan, ān – OE sellan, æniʒ
ie < ea, eo OE eald – OE ieldra, ieldest](/documents_7/9244b4a4e176f6eeda0a1260f1c52ac4/img10.jpg)
Описание слайда:
Front mutation
(Palatal mutation, I-Umlaut)
Fronting and raising of root vowels under the influence of [i], [j] in the following syllable.
i /y < u Goth. fuljan – OE fyllan, OE mus-mys
e < o Goth. dohtar – OE dehter, OE boc-bec
æ < a Goth. saljan, ān – OE sellan, æniʒ
ie < ea, eo OE eald – OE ieldra, ieldest
Слайд 12


Описание слайда:
Back mutation
(Velar mutation, U-Umlaut)
Diphthongization of root front vowels under the influence of back vowels in the following syllable.
i > io OE silufr – siolufr (silver), OE hira -hiora (their)
e > eo OE sifon – siofon, OE hefon - heofon (heaven)
æ > ea OE cæru – cearu (care)
Слайд 13
![Diphthongization due to initial palatal consonants
Diphthongization of root vowels after the palatal consonants ʒ [g’], c [k’] and sc [sk’]
e > ie OE ʒefan – ʒiefan (to give),
OE ʒeldan -ʒieldan (to pay)
o > eo OE scort – sceort (short)
a > ea OE scacan – sceacan (to shake)
Goth. scadus – OE sceadu (shade)](/documents_7/9244b4a4e176f6eeda0a1260f1c52ac4/img12.jpg)
![Diphthongization due to initial palatal consonants
Diphthongization of root vowels after the palatal consonants ʒ [g’], c [k’] and sc [sk’]
e > ie OE ʒefan – ʒiefan (to give),
OE ʒeldan -ʒieldan (to pay)
o > eo OE scort – sceort (short)
a > ea OE scacan – sceacan (to shake)
Goth. scadus – OE sceadu (shade)](/documents_7/9244b4a4e176f6eeda0a1260f1c52ac4/img12.jpg)
Описание слайда:
Diphthongization due to initial palatal consonants
Diphthongization of root vowels after the palatal consonants ʒ [g’], c [k’] and sc [sk’]
e > ie OE ʒefan – ʒiefan (to give),
OE ʒeldan -ʒieldan (to pay)
o > eo OE scort – sceort (short)
a > ea OE scacan – sceacan (to shake)
Goth. scadus – OE sceadu (shade)
Слайд 15
![Quantitative changes within the system of vowels
Lengthening before fricatives (f, θ, s) due to the loss of nasals
OE *onþar > OE oþer (other)
OE *uns, ʒons, munþ > OE ūs (us), ʒōs (goose), mūþ (mouth)
Loss of [χ] after a vowel OE * mæʒden > mǽden (a maiden)
Lengthening in the final stressed position OE by, swa > OE bý, swā (as)](/documents_7/9244b4a4e176f6eeda0a1260f1c52ac4/img14.jpg)
![Quantitative changes within the system of vowels
Lengthening before fricatives (f, θ, s) due to the loss of nasals
OE *onþar > OE oþer (other)
OE *uns, ʒons, munþ > OE ūs (us), ʒōs (goose), mūþ (mouth)
Loss of [χ] after a vowel OE * mæʒden > mǽden (a maiden)
Lengthening in the final stressed position OE by, swa > OE bý, swā (as)](/documents_7/9244b4a4e176f6eeda0a1260f1c52ac4/img14.jpg)
Описание слайда:
Quantitative changes within the system of vowels
Lengthening before fricatives (f, θ, s) due to the loss of nasals
OE *onþar > OE oþer (other)
OE *uns, ʒons, munþ > OE ūs (us), ʒōs (goose), mūþ (mouth)
Loss of [χ] after a vowel OE * mæʒden > mǽden (a maiden)
Lengthening in the final stressed position OE by, swa > OE bý, swā (as)
Слайд 19
![Splitting of velar consonants (Palatalization)
The velar consonants were palatalized before a front vowel (sometimes after front vowels) unless followed by a back vowel. OE cild [kild] > [k’ild] (before a front vowel), OE spræc (speech), but in sprecan (to speak)[k] was followed by a back vowel. The differences between velar and palatal consonants were not reflected in the spelling.](/documents_7/9244b4a4e176f6eeda0a1260f1c52ac4/img18.jpg)
![Splitting of velar consonants (Palatalization)
The velar consonants were palatalized before a front vowel (sometimes after front vowels) unless followed by a back vowel. OE cild [kild] > [k’ild] (before a front vowel), OE spræc (speech), but in sprecan (to speak)[k] was followed by a back vowel. The differences between velar and palatal consonants were not reflected in the spelling.](/documents_7/9244b4a4e176f6eeda0a1260f1c52ac4/img18.jpg)
Описание слайда:
Splitting of velar consonants (Palatalization)
The velar consonants were palatalized before a front vowel (sometimes after front vowels) unless followed by a back vowel. OE cild [kild] > [k’ild] (before a front vowel), OE spræc (speech), but in sprecan (to speak)[k] was followed by a back vowel. The differences between velar and palatal consonants were not reflected in the spelling.
Слайд 20


Описание слайда:
Loss of consonants
n, m were lost before the fricatives
(x, f, s) Goth. fimf, uns - OE fīf (five), ūs (us)
X was lost between vowels
PG *fōhan > *fōan > OE fōn (to catch)
ʒ was lost before the dentals (d, t, n)
OE sæʒde > sæde (said)
X was lost before sonorants
OE hring, hnutu > OE ring, nute (ring, nut)
Слайд 21
![Metathesis [mə́ʹtæθəsıs]
Two sounds exchange their place
There are two stages:
1) The vowel disappears and [r] becomes syllabic;
2) Eventually the vowel reappears
on the other side of [r]
*hros > hors (horse)
OE þrida > *þrda > þirda (third)
OE rinnan > *rnan > irnan (to run)](/documents_7/9244b4a4e176f6eeda0a1260f1c52ac4/img20.jpg)
![Metathesis [mə́ʹtæθəsıs]
Two sounds exchange their place
There are two stages:
1) The vowel disappears and [r] becomes syllabic;
2) Eventually the vowel reappears
on the other side of [r]
*hros > hors (horse)
OE þrida > *þrda > þirda (third)
OE rinnan > *rnan > irnan (to run)](/documents_7/9244b4a4e176f6eeda0a1260f1c52ac4/img20.jpg)
Описание слайда:
Metathesis [mə́ʹtæθəsıs]
Two sounds exchange their place
There are two stages:
1) The vowel disappears and [r] becomes syllabic;
2) Eventually the vowel reappears
on the other side of [r]
*hros > hors (horse)
OE þrida > *þrda > þirda (third)
OE rinnan > *rnan > irnan (to run)
Слайд 22


Описание слайда:
Assibilation is the change of palatal consonants (not velar) into affricates and sibilants: g, k, sk change correspondingly into dʒ, tʃ, ʃ bryʒʒe – bridge, cild – child, scirt – shirt.
Assibilation is the change of palatal consonants (not velar) into affricates and sibilants: g, k, sk change correspondingly into dʒ, tʃ, ʃ bryʒʒe – bridge, cild – child, scirt – shirt.
Long consonants in the final position became short – hence the process of Shortening: mann – man (but manna)
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