Lecture 2 Methods and Procedures of Lexicological Research презентация
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- 2. Lecture 2 Contrast is the occurance of different elements to
- 3. Plan 1. Scientific standard – theory – method 2. Stages
- 4. Scientific standard – theory – method Linguistics as an empirical
- 5. theory and model A theory is a system of hypotheses for
- 6. induction a scientist must begin by collecting observations or produce data
- 7. deduction The scientist has some ideas, some knowledge, or may be
- 8. ways of approaching data
- 9. Observation the process of scientific investigation in the field of
- 10. classification orderly arrangement of the data obtained through observation. e.g.
- 11. generalization collection of data and their orderly arrangement must eventually lead
- 12. verifying process One of the fundamental tests of the validity of
- 13. Methods of analysis used in lexicology The research methods applied
- 14. Immediate constituents analysis The theory of Immediate Constituents (IC) was originally
- 15. Immediate constituents analysis Successive segmentation results in ultimate constituents (UC). i.e.
- 16. Immediate constituents analysis A sample analysis which has become almost classical,
- 17. Immediate constituents analysis Thus at the first cut we obtain the
- 18. Immediate constituents analysis The two first stages of the analysis resulted
- 19. Immediate constituents analysis To sum up: as we break the word
- 20. Distributional analysis
- 21. Z. Harris Many problems with his approach are well known: the
- 22. Z. Harris In his theory, the analysis of distributional data consists
- 23. Z. Harris For example, a and an can be grouped into
- 24. Distributional analysis in its various forms is commonly used nowadays and
- 25. Distributional analysis It is assumed that the meaning of any lexical
- 26. Distributional analysis Thus it can be observed that in a number
- 27. Distributional analysis Compare also the meaning of the adjective ill in
- 28. Distributional analysis not only words in word-groups but also whole word-groups
- 29. Distributional analysis Distributional pattern as such seems to possess a component
- 30. Distributional analysis The distributional pattern itself seems to impart this meaning
- 31. Distributional analysis To conclude, distribution defined as the occurrence of a
- 32. Transformational analysis repatterning of various distributional structures in order to
- 33. Transformational analysis e. g. A pattern "possessive pronoun "+"noun"(his car
- 34. Transformational analysis The rules of transformation are rather strict and
- 35. Transformational analysis I.Permutation - the repatterning on condition that the basic
- 36. Transformational analysis II. Replacement - the substitution of a component of
- 37. Transformational analysis III. Addition (or expansion) may be illustrated by the
- 38. Transformational analysis IV. Deletion - a procedure which shows whether one
- 39. Componental analysis an attempt to describe the meaning of words in
- 40. Componental analysis e. g. In the lexical item "woman" several sememes
- 41. Componental analysis Componental analysis is practically always combined with transformational procedures
- 42. Statistical analysis Modern structural ways of analysis are often combined with
- 43. Statistical analysis Computation is useful only if it follows certain rules
- 44. Statistical analysis A single observation may not be reliable, whereas a
- 45. Statistical analysis Probably the best known result so far achieved in
- 46. Statistical analysis Successful efforts have been made to apply certain statistical
- 47. Summing up no procedures or techniques exist that may serve as
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