Approaches to Learner Autonomy in Language Learning презентация

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Презентации» Образование» Approaches to Learner Autonomy in Language Learning
Approaches to Learner Autonomy in Language Learning
 Erin Lowry
 Senior EnglishYou cannot teach a man anything; you can only help himLearner Autonomy Defined
 Ability to take charge of one’s own learning
Characteristics of Autonomy
 Concept based in natural tendency for learners toVersions of AutonomyCharacteristics of Autonomous  Language Learners
 Seven main attributes (see Omaggio,What Needs to Happen First
 Teacher becomes less of an instructorOxford’s Model of Learner Autonomy 
 Technical perspective
 Focus on physicalSome Background
 Autonomy is generally seen as a characteristic of adults
Designing Courses that Promote Autonomy
 Take into consideration
 Learner goals
 TheOur Goals as Teachers
 Train learners to function better while studying
Fostering autonomy5 Ways of Supporting Autonomy
 Resource-based
 Independent use of learning materials
5 Ways of Supporting Autonomy Con’t
 Curriculum-based
 Learner control over curriculumResource-Based
 Self-access areas 
 Use of authentic texts 
 Self-instruction andSelf-Access Areas
 Technology
 Comptuers
 CDs & DVDs
 Learner literature
 Dictionaries
 GrammarCharacteristics of Good Self-Access
 Materials classified by learners’ language level
 SuggestionsTechnology-Based
 Internet
 Software
 Computer-mediated communicationClassroom-based
 Learners are asked to set their own goals and planLearner-based
 Learner development activities
 Language learning strategies & techniques (p.149)
 “GoodCurriculum-based
 Process syllabus
 Inquiry-based learning
 Project-based learning
 Task-based learningTeacher-based
 Teacher roles
 Teacher autonomyOur Roles as Teachers
 Voller (1997) identifies three roles for teachersActivities for autonomous    language learningStrategy Training
 Learning strategies = the techniques you use to learnMetacognitive Strategies
 Thinking about your process of learning 
 Planning
 Monitoring
Cognitive Strategies
 Learners actually do something with the language in orderLearning Journals
 Purpose
 Teacher-student channel
 Reactions
 Responses
 Open
 Formats
 Written, Online,Learning Contracts
 What am I going to learn? (Objectives)
 How amPersonal Plans
 To use in the weeks after a lesson finishesLearning Logs
 Individual student’s summary of what has been learned overLearning Logs
 Consider asking one’s self questions such as:
 Did itCALL / Technology
 Blogs
 Software
 Computer-mediated communication (CMC)
 Web 2.0 tools
BlogsWebsitesWebquests
 Presents student groups with a challenging task, scenario, or problemReflection
 Incorporate reflective lessons into your teaching
 Have students consider:
 TheirQuestions? 
 Companion website for workshop
 http://colombotech.pbwiki.com/Approaches-to-Autonomous-Learning  
 Email Erin
Selected Resources
 Benson, P. (2001). Teaching and researching autonomy in language



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Approaches to Learner Autonomy in Language Learning Erin Lowry Senior English Language Fellow Centro Colombo Americano Armenia November 25, 2008


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You cannot teach a man anything; you can only help him find it within himself. Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)

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Learner Autonomy Defined Ability to take charge of one’s own learning Main idea behind learner autonomy is that students should take responsibility for their own learning, rather than be dependent on the teacher (Holec 1981) “The autonomous learner is one that constructs knowledge from direct experience, rather than one who responds to someone’s instruction” (Benson 2001)     

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Characteristics of Autonomy Concept based in natural tendency for learners to take control over their learning. Autonomy may be displayed in different ways and to different degrees depending on each learner and learning situation. Learners who lack autonomy are capable of developing it given appropriate conditions and preparation. Autonomous learning is more effective than non-autonomous learning.

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Versions of Autonomy

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Characteristics of Autonomous Language Learners Seven main attributes (see Omaggio, 1978, cited in Wenden, 1998: 41-42): have insights into their learning styles and strategies take an active approach to the learning task at hand are willing to take risks are good guessers attend to form as well as to content, that is, place importance on accuracy as well as appropriacy develop the target language into a separate reference system and are willing to revise and reject hypotheses and rules that do not apply have a tolerant and outgoing approach to the target language

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What Needs to Happen First Teacher becomes less of an instructor and more of a facilitator Students discouraged from relying on the teacher as the main source of knowledge Students’ capacity to learn for themselves is encouraged Students encouraged to make decisions about what they learn Students’ awareness of their own learning styles is encouraged Students encouraged to develop their own learning strategies

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Oxford’s Model of Learner Autonomy Technical perspective Focus on physical situation Psychological perspective Focus on characteristics of learning Sociocultural perspective Focus on mediated learning Political-critical perspective Focus on ideologies, access, power structure

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Some Background Autonomy is generally seen as a characteristic of adults Independent learning doesn’t mean solitude Autonomous learners are also part of communities of practice Autonomy is not necessarily a characteristic that is seen as important in learning in all cultures

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Designing Courses that Promote Autonomy Take into consideration Learner goals The language learning process Tasks and design Learner strategies Reflection on learning

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Our Goals as Teachers Train learners to function better while studying Ensure learners continue to acquire the second language after formal studies end (Field 2007) Not use set methodologies Our job is to create learning opportunities, not to impose a method. There’s no one way to learn a language (Benson 2001)

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Fostering autonomy

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5 Ways of Supporting Autonomy Resource-based Independent use of learning materials Technology-based Independent interaction with educational technologies Classroom-based Learner control over the planning and evaluation of classroom learning (power to make decisions)

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5 Ways of Supporting Autonomy Con’t Curriculum-based Learner control over curriculum as a whole Teacher-based Emphasizes role of the teacher and teacher education in practice of fostering autonomy among learners Learner-based Development of autonomous learning skills

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Resource-Based Self-access areas Use of authentic texts Self-instruction and distance learning

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Self-Access Areas Technology Comptuers CDs & DVDs Learner literature Dictionaries Grammar reference Workbooks Books

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Characteristics of Good Self-Access Materials classified by learners’ language level Suggestions on what to do next (pathways) Training for learners on how to use the resources and computers Making the area appropriate for learners How to keep interest going

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Technology-Based Internet Software Computer-mediated communication

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Classroom-based Learners are asked to set their own goals and plan activities within the classroom Self-assessment

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Learner-based Learner development activities Language learning strategies & techniques (p.149) “Good language learner”

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Curriculum-based Process syllabus Inquiry-based learning Project-based learning Task-based learning

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Teacher-based Teacher roles Teacher autonomy

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Our Roles as Teachers Voller (1997) identifies three roles for teachers working on an autonomous pedagogy the teacher as a facilitator the teacher as a counsellor the teacher as a resource

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Activities for autonomous language learning

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Strategy Training Learning strategies = the techniques you use to learn something 2 categories Metacognitive strategies Cognitive strategies

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Metacognitive Strategies Thinking about your process of learning Planning Monitoring Problem-solving Evaluating

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Cognitive Strategies Learners actually do something with the language in order to learn it, such as: Writing vocabulary lists Doing grammar exercises Listening to songs

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Learning Journals Purpose Teacher-student channel Reactions Responses Open Formats Written, Online, Tapes, CDs How often Public or private

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Learning Contracts What am I going to learn? (Objectives) How am I going to learn it? (Resources and Strategies) How am I going to know that I have learned it? (My evidence) How am I going to prove that I have learned it? (Verification by teachers and peers)

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Personal Plans To use in the weeks after a lesson finishes

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Learning Logs Individual student’s summary of what has been learned over a given period of time Beginner levels Teacher can help students summarize Young learners Circle appropriate drawings or adjectives

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Learning Logs Consider asking one’s self questions such as: Did it go well? Why? What did you learn? Did it go badly? Why? What did you learn? How can you improve for next time Contains student’s record of their experiences, thoughts, feelings and reflections.

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CALL / Technology Blogs Software Computer-mediated communication (CMC) Web 2.0 tools Wequests

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Blogs

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Websites

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Webquests Presents student groups with a challenging task, scenario, or problem to solve using the Internet and its available resources Current events, controversial social and environmental topics work well

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Reflection Incorporate reflective lessons into your teaching Have students consider: Their motivation Changes in attitudes and ideas Which skills they need for different kinds of assignments What is blocking their learning Any gaps in their knowledge or skills

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Questions? Companion website for workshop http://colombotech.pbwiki.com/Approaches-to-Autonomous-Learning Email Erin [email protected]

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Selected Resources Benson, P. (2001). Teaching and researching autonomy in language learning. Harlow: Pearson Education. Benson, P. & Voller, P. (Eds.). (1997). Autonomy and independence in language learning. London: Longman. Healey, D. (2007). Theory and research: autonomy and language learning. In J. Egbert & E. Hanson-Smith (Eds.). CALL environments: research, practice, and critical issues (2nd Ed.). Alexandria, VA: Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages, Inc. Holec, H. (1981). Autonomy in foreign language learning. Oxford: Pergamon. (First published 1979, Strasbourg: Council of Europe. Other resources cited on http://colombotech.pbwiki.com/Approaches-to-Autonomous-Learning


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