Commas and Conjunctions презентация

Commas and Conjunctions

CONJUNCTIONS they bring objects together

A coordinating conjunction is a word that connects or joins words or groups of words to each other. For And Nor But Or Yet So

FANBOYS: Breakin’ it Down… The word FOR is most often used as a preposition, of course, but it does serve, on rare occasions, as a coordinating conjunction. It deals mostly with sequence or the order of things. I hate to waste a single drop of squid eyeball stew, for it is expensive and time-consuming to make.

FANBOYS: Breakin’ it Down When you want to join words or phrases, use the conjunction and. and = in addition to Ex. The bowl of squid eyeball stew is hot and delicious.

FANBOYS: Breakin’ it Down The conjunction, nor, means not or neither. Ex. Rocky refuses to eat dry cat food, nor will he touch a saucer of squid eyeball stew.

FANBOYS: Breakin’ it Down When a sentence has two things that are in conflict or that are opposites, use the conjunction but. but = however Ex. Rocky, my orange tomcat, loves having his head scratched but hates getting his claws trimmed.

FANBOYS: Breakin’ it Down When there is a choice between two or more options, use the conjunction or. or = alternatively Ex. The squid eyeball stew is so thick that you can eat it with a fork or spoon.

FANBOYS: Breakin’ it Down Yet functions as a coordinating conjunction meaning something like "nevertheless" or "but.” yet = however Ex. Rocky terrorizes the poodles next door yet adores the German shepherd across the street.

FANBOYS: Breakin’ it Down When on thing is a result of another, use the conjunction so. Ex. Even though I added cream to the squid eyeball stew, Rocky ignored his serving, so I got a spoon and ate it myself.

Commas enclosing words, phrases, and clauses since the beginning of time.

A panda walks into a bar. He orders a sandwich, eats it, then draws a gun and fires two shots in the air. "Why? Why are you behaving in this strange, un-panda-like fashion?" asks the confused waiter, as the panda walks towards the exit. The panda produces a badly punctuated wildlife manual and tosses it over his shoulder. "I'm a panda," he says, at the door. "Look it up." A panda walks into a bar. He orders a sandwich, eats it, then draws a gun and fires two shots in the air. "Why? Why are you behaving in this strange, un-panda-like fashion?" asks the confused waiter, as the panda walks towards the exit. The panda produces a badly punctuated wildlife manual and tosses it over his shoulder. "I'm a panda," he says, at the door. "Look it up." The waiter turns to the relevant entry and, sure enough, finds an explanation. "Panda. Large black-and-white bear-like mammal native to China. Eats, shoots and leaves.”

Comma Crash Course 8 Comma Usage Rules

Rule 1: Commas separate parts of a series, words, phrases, and clauses Do not use a comma if all items are joined by and or or. Example Romeo, Juliet, and Friar Laurence were present at the ceremony. Falling in love, getting married, and ending the feud all occurred in less than a week. Romeo and Juliet had as advisors the nurse and Friar Laurence and Benvolio.

Rule 2: Commas separate two or more adjectives preceding a noun.  Example Young, beautiful Juliet married daring, dashing Romeo. The dark, stormy night was frightening.

Rule 3: Use a comma before for, and, nor, but, or, yet and so to separate independent clauses in compound sentences. Example Rocky refuses to eat dry cat food, nor will he touch a saucer of squid eyeball stew. We looked through the school, and we searched outside the building.

Rule 4: Commas separate participial phrases and adjective clauses that are nonessential. Commas do not set off phrases or clauses that are essential to the meaning of the sentence. Example Juliet, who is a Capulet, married her Montague enemy. Awakened by the lark, Juliet wished it to be a nightingale.

Rule 5: Commas follow participial phrases, adverb clauses, words such as well, yes, no, and names of direct address that begin sentences. Example When Romeo and Juliet first met, they spoke in sonnet form. Having learned that Romeo killed Tybalt, the Prince Excalus banished the young Montague. Yes, the story is a tragedy.

Rule 6: Use commas to enclose interrupters such as, most appositives and appositive phrases, titles and degrees after a name, words in direct address Do not use commas if the appositive is used for emphasis or identifies the person or thing by telling which one of two or more.   Example Verona, the setting for the play, is in Italy. Go, Juliet, to Friar Laurence's cell. Mark Ferguson, Ph.D., is pursuing a new career in the literary field.

Rule 7: Commas separate a quotation from its source, such as "he said" or "she said." Example When he first saw West Side Story, Juan said, "This story is similar to Romeo and Juliet.”

Rule 8: Commas are used in certain conventional situations such as, items in dates or addresses and after the salutation of a friendly letter and closing of any letter. Example May 23, 1990, is her birthday. Nashville, Tennessee, is his hometown. Dear Romeo, June 15, 1994

Comma/Conjunction Group Write On the top of a blank sheet of paper, write of the following story starters: It was a strange night, there seemed to be a chill in the air... As soon as I arrived, I could sense that something was out of place... Sometimes I think my friend has strange powers. Every time he's around… All of the sudden I was trapped!

Group write guidelines Write your name on the left of the top line of your paper. Begin your story. Write 6 sentences. 3 of which must include one of the 8 comma rules. Exchange papers with someone else. Write your name in the left margin and add 6 new sentences to continue the story. 3 of which must include one of the 8 comma rules. Exchange. Everyone must contribute to 3 stories, eventually, using all 8 rules.