Genres and stylistic features of newspaper articles презентация

Genres and stylistic features of newspaper articles  834 l Oksana varga Michael balashov

The study aims at:  1. identifying some linguistic features of newspaper language. 2. shedding light on the style used in newspapers and how it differs from that used in literary writing. Abstract: This study presents a stylistic analysis of newspaper stories. It is hypothesized that the language used in newspaper stories violates the rules of grammar and the norms of literary writing. Moreover their style tends to be very distinctive. This can be attributed to the limited space given to each article and the author as all journalists writes to an absent or imaginary reader that must be quickly attracted.

'Newspaper' is the universal cause and grounding of conversation, commerce, opinion, and decision. Most of people look upon newspaper as providing a full, sufficient, and satisfying package of current information. The goal of a well- written newspaper article is to capture the validity of the moment and to allow readers to relive the experience. A newspaper, contains a range of items; news, comments and analysis, advertising and entertainment. Thus newspaper may contain not only strict information, but also evaluative material and views of the newspapers writers.

LANGUAGE OF NEWSPAPER  Newspaper language is a combination of different stylistic features, a mixture of several kinds of material.  The language of feature articles is full of emotive words, rhetorical questions, imagery. Special-topic news are the news that cover sports, fashion, cars, travel, culture and other topics. Finally, headlines as well as crossheads or subheadings, by- lines and photo captions compose the part of editorials. The headline is the first and may be the last chance to grab the reader‘s attention. Whereas, different types of crossheads or subheadings, by-lines or even photo captions are being created as more interesting as possible. The reader can skim through subheading and get the idea what the text is going to be about, even though from the first sight the heading looks complex or the article is very long.

THE FEATURES OF THE NEWSPAPER STYLE  The word newspaper suggests that its main function is to give news. Despite this, it is used to educate, enlighten or entertain people. The newspaper also seeks to influence public opinion on political, economic and other matters. Newspapers can provide a medium of information to those who do not have television, radio or the internet.

There are three  types  of newspapers:  1. The broadsheet newspapers (e.g., the Telegraph, the Independent, the Times and the Guardian); 2. The middle-range tabloids (e.g., the Express and the Daily Mail); 3. Tabloids (e.g., the Sun, the Mirror, the Star).

There are two types of news that can be found in broadsheets or tabloids: Hard news - include stories of a timely nature about events or conflicts that have just happened or are about to happen such as fires, crimes, meetings, protest rallies, speeches and testimony in court cases. Hard news has little value after 24-48 hours.

The Structure of News Stories In order not to confuse publicistic style with newspaper style the main difference has to be mentioned. The goal of publicistic style is to influence public opinion, to make theaudience accept the speaker ̳s point of view. On the contrary, the goal of newspaper style is toinform the audience. Publicistic essays and feature articles do not belong to newspaper style. Specific vocabulary features and characterize newspaper style by an extensive use of: 1. Special political and economic terms (apartheid, by-election); 2. Non-term political vocabulary (public, people); 3. Newspaper cliches (vital issue, well-informed sources); 4. Cliches (captains of industry, pillars of society); 5. Abrreviations (PM, NATO); 6. Neologisms (glasnost, Gorbymania).

Styles of Newspaper Writing Writing in newspaper requires adopting a special type of style that may differ from any other style used in writing in other disciplines. Journalistic prose is explicit and precise, and tries not to rely on jargon. Journalists often use short words rather than long ones. They use subject-verb-object construction and vivid, active prose. They offer anecdotes, examples and metaphors, and they rarely depend on colorless generalizations or abstract ideas. News writers try to avoid repetition of the same word within a paragraph.

The style used in newspaper is characterized by the following: Inverted pyramid structure; 5 WHs (Who, What, When, Where, Why and How) in lead, other details in descending order of importance Adheres to accepted grammatical conventions Written by reporters Objective, facts-only reporting Purpose is to inform

Style Used in Writing News Story A story can be told in two types of style; chronological narration and the inverted pyramid. The first one is mostly used in literature."It refers to the narrative as a sequence of episodes when journalists tell the story as a good suspense that culminates of some dramatic piece of information at the end. In other words, the writer starts his story with the least important information then developing the events reaching the climax and the end. The events are arranged into time- line describing the development of the story situations. The inverted pyramid, on the other hand, is used by most journalists who put the most important information at the beginning, and the less important facts are added in a descending order according to their degree of importance. The reason for this is that sometimes stories have to be cut, very often just before the end, so as to fit the available space, this style of hard news writing ensures that the deleted facts are the least

HEADLINES We could not help relating headlines off the record. So, pay attention to the examples in the presentation. That which often, almost always, the headlines are presented in the present tense. Headlines have special grammatical features. Allan Metcalf in the article The Grammar of (Newspaper) Headlines published in the newspaper The Chronicle of Higher Education (2013) presents such basics of the grammar of headlines: 1. Use present tense for past events: Columbus Discovers New Route to India. 2. Use present tense for future events: Sun to Burn Out In 6 Billion Years. 3. Omit the, a, an: Cow Jumps over Moon; Dog Watches, Laughs. 4. Use comma for and: Jack, Jill Fall from Hill; Confusions Possible. 5. Never spell out numbers: Virgil Guides Dante Past 9 Levels of Hell. 6. Use colon for said or says: Galileo: ―I Confess Earth Stays Still‖. 7. Use single quotation marks: Ceaser To Brutus: ―Et Tu?‖ Falls by ―Unkindest Cut‖. 8. Omit be in its various forms: Candide, Pangloss Happy Cultivating Garden, except when emphasized: Hamlet Asks ―To Be‖ Or Not ? Ponders, Decides To Be.  

CONCLUSION

Thank you for your attention