Origin of petroleum dilemma презентация

Origin of petroleum dilemma Inorganic or abiotic origin vs. organic origin

In 1877, Dmitri Mendele'ev postulated: metallic carbides + water + high = acetylene (C2H2) = condensed to heavier HC. In 1877, Dmitri Mendele'ev postulated: metallic carbides + water + high = acetylene (C2H2) = condensed to heavier HC. modified by Berthelot in 1860 and by Mendele'ev in 1902: FeC2+ 2H2O = CH4+ FeO2 In 1890, Sokoloff proposed a cosmic origin for petroleum

Organic theory First - carbon-hydrogen-organic matter connection Second - chemical characteristics of petroleum reservoirs with nitrogen and porphyrins found in all organic matter and in many petroleums. Third - physical characteristics Finally -time requirements may be less than 1MM years

Petroleum End Product Petroleum End Product = [Raw Material + Accumulation + Transformation + Migration] + Geologic Time

Diagenesis-catagenesis-metagenesis The maturation process needs several stages, they are: Diagenesis, this stage is the decomposition process occurs and there is a reduction in the oxygen content of organic material with abiotic reactions that produce methane and carbon dioxide kerogen. At this stage the organic material is still immature. Catagenesis, burial process continues and the fluid content of hydrocarbons starts out with an initial form of fluid and then the temperature rise resulting gas. At this stage, the percentage of H / C decreases but the O / C is not too reduced. Metagenesis, the process continues as a large burial pressure and temperature almost reached metamorphic phase. The end result can be either graphite.

Kerogen Kerogen

Migration of oil

Petroleum system

To organize their knowledge about the occurrence of oil and gas discoveries, explorationists defined the petroleum system as the geologic elements and processes that are essential for the existence of a petroleum accumulation: • Trap—a barrier to the upward movement of oil or gas • Reservoir—porous and permeable rock to receive the hydrocarbons • Source rock—a rock formation containing organic matter • Generation—temperature and pressure conditions to convert the organic matter into hydrocarbon fluids • Migration—buoyancy conditions and pathways for the fluids to move from the source rock into the reservoir • Seal—an impermeable cap to keep the fluids in the reservoir • Preservation—conditions that maintain the nature of the hydrocarbons. When these elements and processes occur in the proper order, chances are good that a petroleum accumulation exists

Traps