SENSE ORGANS (Ear and nose) презентация

SENSE ORGANS (Ear and nose)

Sense organs Sense organs are known as the “windows of the brain” because they detect and send nerve impulses (changes) to the central nervous system Information reaching the cerebrum of the brain results in conscious sensation

Receptors Receptors receive certain environmental stimuli and change them into nerve impulses Types of receptors: Photoreceptors detect light (Eyes) Pain receptors sensitive to chemicals released by damaged tissues or excess stimuli of pressure or heat Thermoreceptors sense temperature (Hypothalamus and skin) Chemoreceptors are responsible for taste and smell (tongue and nose) Mechanoreceptors sense pressure, touching and hearing (Skin and ears)

It has 2 sensory functions: It has 2 sensory functions: Hearing Maintaning balance or equilibrium

EARS Ear contains 3 main parts: Outer ear Middle ear Inner ear

Outer ear Auditory canal has hairs and produces wax-like substance to filter solid particles The eardrum separates outer ear from the middle ear The eardrum is hit by sounds and vibrates

Middle ear It contains three bones: Hammer (Malleus) Anvil (Incus) Stirrup (Stapes) The hammer is attached to the eardrum, the anvil connects the hammer to the stirrup Stirrup is connected to the oval window

Eustachian tube It is located between pharynx and the middle ear It equalizes pressure in the middle ear and atmosphere

Inner ear The inner ear has three areas: semicircular canals, vestibule and cochlea The semicircular canals and the vestibule are related to equilibrium The cochlea is concerned with hearing

Cochlea The hair cells of the cochlear canal, called the organ of Corti, synapse with cochlear (auditory) nerve The cochlear nerve generates nerve impulses that go to the brain stem Finally to the temporal lobe of the cerebrum, where they are interpreted as sound

Eardrum Ossicles Semicircular canals Auditory nerve (acoustic nerve)

Nose Nose is the organ of the body involved in both respiration and smell The reception of smell takes place in chemoreceptors located in nasal cavity

Nose Area of chemoreceptors in the nasal cavity is known as the olfactory region This region has olfactory nerves The message of smell is carried to the brain by the olfactory nerves