The Infinitive презентация

The full Infinitive (to do) is used: 1. after certain verbs (can’t) afford – позволять / не можем позволить, не в состоянии agree – соглашаться; сходиться во мнениях decide expect – ожидать; рассчитывать hope learn – учить; узнать offer – предлагать want promise – обещать manage – справляться (с чем-либо) seem = appear – казаться tend – иметь тенденцию, иметь склонность plan pretend – симулировать, прикидываться refuse – отказываться compel (= force) – принуждать; заставлять encourage – ободрять; содействовать

1. Tom seems … (to be) a very good athlete. Tom seems to be a very good athlete. 2. They encourage … (to use) new methods. They encourage to use new methods. 3. George wants … (to find) a new job next month. George wants to find a new job next month. 4. He hopes … (to invite) all his friends to his party. He hopes … (to invite) all his friends to his party. 5. She wants … (to know) why you decided … (to spend) your vacations abroad. She wants to know why you decided to spend your vacations abroad. 6. Why did you refuse … (to hold) a meeting with our partners? Why did you refuse to hold a meeting with our partners? 7. He offered me … (to stay) at home instead of going out. He offered me to stay at home instead of going out. 8. The children were not allowed … (to play) noisy games indoors. The children were not allowed to play noisy games indoors. 9. My sister tends … (to go) to the gym tree times a week. My sister tends to go to the gym tree times a week. 10. They fail … (to pass) an important exam. They fail to pass an important exam. – Они не сдали важный экзамен. 11. The boy pretends … (not, to cheat) at the exam. The boy pretends not to cheat at the exam. 12. I can’t afford … (to buy) a new car. I can’t afford to buy a new car.

2. to express purpose (чтобы выразить цель) Tom went to his friend to borrow some money. She returned home … (to ask) for some extra money. She returned home to ask for some extra money. – Вернулась, чтобы … We are leaving now … (to catch) the train to London. We are leaving now to catch the train to London. 3. After adjectives (после прилагательных) angry, easy, happy, reluctant, obliged, sad, mean, supposed, unable… He is reluctant … (to help) us in the garden. He is reluctant to help us in the garden. She was supposed … (to come) on board. She was supposed to come on board. – Полагали, что она придет… 3. After last, next, first Our manager was the last … (to say). Our manager was the last to say. – Наша менеджер последний высказал… He is the first … (to finish) the report. He is the first to finish the report.

4. with impersonal construction + adjective (в безличных конструкциях) It is nice of him to hold meetings himself. Очень любезно с его стороны, что он сам проводит собрания. It was rude of them not to send apologies. Был грубо с их стороны не извиниться. It is important to get there on time. Важно, добраться туда без опоздания. 5. after certain nouns, pronouns (после определенных существительных и местоимений) It’s a pleasure to have lunch in the restaurant. – Удовольствие обедать в ресторане. It’s a nightmare to listen to his expostulations. – Кошмар слушать его упреки. Let’s give them something to talk about. – Давайте дадим им тему для разговора. Take something to eat on the trip. – Возьми в дорогу что-нибудь поесть. 5. in expressions (в устойчивых выражениях) To tell you the truth, to be honest, to be fair To be honest, I haven’t seen him today. – Честно говоря, …

The bare Infinitive (do) is used : with modals Can, could, must, should… (Но! Ought to – должен; have to – должен, вынужден) They can learn the fable by heart if they want. He ought to wear a dinner jacket for the party.

had better would rather would sooner You’d better sit down. – Ты бы лучше сел. I’d rather stay here. – Я бы лучше остался здесь. I’d sooner read here. – Я предпочел бы почитать. BUT!!! I would like to sit down. – Я бы хотел сесть. I would like to stay here. – Я бы хотел остаться здесь. I would like to read. – Я бы хотел почитать.

After the verbs let (= allow), make (= force) Let me deal with these partners. He let me develop a strategy.  Who makes you review this issue? But !!!  He was made to do everything. We are allowed to set up a company.

After why (not) to make suggestions Why not take out some people who don’t fit. Why don’t we take out some people who don’t fit.

Notes! Help to do Help do She helped me (to) fill in my application form.

Do the test! (Тест включает и герундий, обратите внимание) 1. Tom is allowed … (to walk) with his friends late. Tom is allowed to walk with his friends late. 2. Pride sometimes makes us … (to do) things well. But love makes us … (to do) them perfectly. Pride sometimes makes us do things well. But love makes us do them perfectly. 3. I’d rather … (to have) roses on my table. I’d rather have roses on my table. 4. You ought … (to follow) the doctor’s instructions if you don’t want to fall ill again. You ought to follow the doctor’s instructions if you don’t want to fall ill again. 5. I must … (to go) now. I promised … (not, to be) late. I must go now. I promised not to be late. 6. Paul lives in Berlin. He likes … (to live) there. Paul lives in Berlin. He likes living there. 7. They denied … (to break) the scanner. They denied breaking the scanner. 8. It is nice of you … (to call) your Granny every week. It is nice of you to call your Granny every week. 9. We suggest … (to rent) an apartment there. We suggest renting an apartment there. 10. He was made … (to go) on business trip last week. He was made to go on business trip last week.