First aid and CPR classes презентация

First Aid and CPR Classes June 2016 Day 1

Outline Immediate Response Initial Survey Continuing Care Fainting Head and Spinal Injuries Shock Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

Immediate Response

Injured Person The individual who is injured or becomes suddenly ill Adult – when puberty starts Child – between 1 and when puberty starts Infant – under the age of 1

Immediate Responses Lead or Assist with the emergency Safety and Personal Protection Find out what happened Identify yourself and ask if you can help Use reasonable skill and care

Lead the emergency Identify yourself and lead Ask for assistance from bystanders Prevent infection Handwashing, gloves, minimal mouth contact

Environment scan Information about the scene Look at the scene - IS IT SAFE FOR YOU? Speak to the injured person Speak to the witnesses/bystanders Questions to ask What happened? What objects or substances are on scene? What time of day or night did this happen?

What happened to the casualty? What happened to the injured person’s body? How much force was involved? What parts of the body were involved? What injuries do you suspect? Tell injured person not to move

Calling for Medical Help What happened to the injured person Signs of Symptoms Location If a bystander is calling have them report back to you.

Initial Survey

Initial Survey Identify yourself to injured person and family Check responsiveness of injured person Airway Closed or blocked Breathing Absent or abnormal Circulation Severe bleeding Shock

Unresponsive Signs Loss of awareness Injured person does not respond to voice or touch Decreasing consciousness indicates injured person’s condition is getting worse May cause a breathing emergency Always a serious emergency

Continuing care Position Cover Keep casualty warm Reassure Reassess Airway, Breathing, Circulation Record the injured person’s condition and first aid given Handover to medical help Report on the injured person’s condition and first aid given

Continuing care (only if time)   Symptoms Allergies Medication Past Medical History Last Meal Vital signs Level of consciousness (LOC) Breathing Pulse Skin condition and temperature Head to toe examination Give first aid to injuries found

Fainting Temporary loss of consciousness Causes Fear or anxiety Severe pain Underlying illness Long periods standing Lack of fresh air Fatigue and hunger

Fainting Signs and Symptoms Pale Sweating Nausea Lightheaded, unsteady First Aid Position Ensure a supply of fresh air Reassure the casualty Look for rapid improvement

Head and Spinal Injuries

When to suspect Head\Spinal Injuries Depends on what happened?

Head and Spinal Injury Dangers of improper handling can cause Permanent injury Death First aid Tell the injured not to move Support the head and neck or have a bystander do this

Signs and Symptoms Head injuries Fluids from the ears Fluids from the nose Pain at the injury site (headache or dizziness) Signs of shock Numbness, tingling or paralysis of the limbs

Shock Signs Pale skin, turning blue/grey Change in level of consciousness Rapid shallow breaths Weak rapid pulse Restlessness, confusion anxiety Symptoms Nausea and vomiting Thirsty

Shock Positions Conscious – no suspected head/spinal Unconscious – no suspected head/spinal Suspected head/spinal

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Objective To circulate blood to the brain and other organs with Chest compressions Artificial respiration

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Angina and Heart Attack Definitions Angina Temporary pain Result of narrowed coronary artery Heart attack Permanent damage of heart muscle Results when heart tissue beyond a clot is starved of oxygen

Heart and Stroke Risk Factors Smoking High blood pressure Diet Exercise Age Gender Genetics

Angina and Heart Attack Signs and symptoms Heaviness in chest Crushing sensation in chest Feels like indigestion Nausea, vomiting Aching jaw, sore arms Pale skins Shortness of breath Fatigue Denial Cardiac Arrest

Cardiac Arrest Cardiac Arrest When the heart stops Signs Unresponsive Not breathing No signs of life

Conscious Heart Attack Casualty Place casualty in Comfortable Position (Semi sitting) Loosen tight clothing Help injured person take medication if prescribed 2 low dose aspirin or 1 regular aspiring Check for allergies and ulcers Nitroglycerin Spray or pill under the tongue –can repeat after 5 minutes Check if he took Viagra Get medical help

Stroke Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) Blood clot blocks a narrowed artery Brain tissue beyond blockage dies Transient ischemic attack (TIA) Temporary condition Caused by lack of oxygen to part of the brain

Signs and symptoms Depends on the part of the brain affected Often only one side of the body Facial droop Arm drift Speech impairment Time

First Aid for Stroke Call for Medical Help Place at rest Give nothing by mouth – moisten lips if thirsty Reassure and keep warm Be prepared to begin CPR