Social philosophy. Philosophy of history презентация

Social Philosophy Philosophy of History

Complexity in perception of society: Permanent Regular Stable for society can by find ?

Social philosophy: main problems: Society order Society (general) – Individuality (single) Freedom – Necessity Matter – Spirit Equality - Inequality Justice – Injustice Determine development – undetermined development

Social atomism only one aspiration of everyone is to be happy – individual happiness Society must give us possibility to realize this aspiration

Social Universalism Society – strong and unique self-dependent reality Exists because of itself

Antiquity about society & personality: Plato Harmony – basic principle Authority of the leaders (philosophers must rule, because they can do this for justice; know what is good for the people; don’t think about their personal interest)

Antiquity about society & personality: Aristotle Man outside the society is only abstraction Law - basic principle Society – unity of the equal people with the same aim – to achieve better life

Holism Holism

Holism

John Locke (1632 –1704) theory was founded on social contract theory human nature is characterized by reason and tolerance In a natural state all people were equal and independent, and everyone had a natural right to defend “Life, health, Liberty, or Possessions“ advocated governmental separation of powers and believed that revolution is not only a right but an obligation in some circumstances. These ideas would come to have profound influence on the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the United States

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770 –1831) All history of mankind is an unfolding of Absolute Reason Everything real is reasonable, all reasonable is real State is the aim of historical process Absolute Reason Nature Society Philosophical understanding of history

John Stuart Mill (1806 –1873) On Liberty the nature and limits of the power that can be legitimately exercised by society over the individual it is alright for someone to harm themselves as long as they are not harming others impassioned defense of free speech: free discourse is a necessary condition for intellectual and social progress.

"social liberty" - protection from "the tyranny of political rulers." He introduced a number of different tyrannies, including social tyranny, and also the tyranny of the majority.

Social justice Can the world be possible without inequality? Where are the measures? What can be generally useful and morally defensible? Past: division into social gropes according to religion, tradition, laws Present: property (admissible) race, sex (inadmissible)

Freedom Freedom from & freedom for “Escape from Freedom” Erich Fromm “freedom gives person feeling of weakness and anxiety” Friedrich Engels: “Freedom – understanding of objective laws and existing according to them; cognition of necessity”

Linear & cyclical history conceptions

Civilization: Civilization: Childhood – barbarians Youth – beginning of blossoming Maturity – bloom, prosperity Old age – dehumanization, bureaucratism, militarism, skepticism

Modern world “Hypertrophy of means (resources, tools) & atrophy of goals” Consumer`s epoch

Thank you! By Natalya Spitsa