Types of Hearing Aids презентация

Types of Hearing Aids

Terminology

Hearing aid styles

Hearing Aid Effect

Hearing Aid Components

Batteries

Batteries Types Silver Oxide Mercury Zinc-Air Long shelf-life Disposable

Zinc-Air batteries Require air to work Battery compartment of hearing aid must be permeable to air Air activation pore may clog up Affected by humidity Low humidity dries out the electrolyte in the cell High humidity can flood the cell Teflon membrane in battery helps moderate effect of humidity

Batteries Flat discharge rate

Batteries 2320 cases of battery ingestion 1983 – 1990 952 were hearing aid batteries (45%) Of those cases, 312 (33%) were batteries removed from the hearing aid by the child

Batteries Zinc-Air batteries are relatively benign Of 418 cases of zinc-air ingestion, only 21 (5%) had negative outcomes Minor: nausea, vomiting, fever Moderate: high fever, bloody stools, dehydration

Batteries If anyone ingests a battery, this is what you should do: Immediately call the 24-hour National Battery Ingestion Hotline at 202-625-3333 (call collect if necessary), or call your poison center at 1-800-222-1222. If readily available, provide the battery identification number, found on the package or from a matching battery. In most cases, an x-ray must be obtained right away to be sure that the battery has gone through the esophagus into the stomach. (If the battery remains in the esophagus, it must be removed immediately. Most batteries move on to the stomach and can be allowed to pass by themselves.)  Based on the age of the patient and size of the battery, the National Battery Ingestion Hotline specialists can help you determine if an immediate x-ray is required.

Batteries Don't induce vomiting.  Don't eat or drink until the x-ray shows the battery is beyond the esophagus. Watch for fever, abdominal pain, vomiting, or blood in the stools. Report these symptoms immediately. Check the stools until the battery has passed. Your physician or the emergency room may call the National Button Battery Ingestion Hotline/National Capital Poison Center collect at 202-625-3333 for consultation about button batteries. Expert advice is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.

Microphones

Microphones Converts acoustic energy to an electrical signal Sound pressure waves enter front volume of microphone Diaphragm oscillates Oscillating voltage between diaphragm and backplate Voltage amplified by field effect transistor (FET)

Types of Microphones Omnidirectional mic

Directionality with a single directional microphone

Directionality with a two omnidirectional microphone

Directional sensitivity Low frequencies lose sensitivity Hearing aid must add gain to low frequency inputs to counteract reduced sensitivity May make internal noise more audible

Broken microphone? Listening check No feedback, no sound? Check for debris in port, and clean out. If applicable, turn hearing aid to t-coil and hold up to fluorescent light/CRT. Buzzing? Probably microphone. No buzzing? Probably receiver.

Receivers

Receivers

Signal Processors

Signal processor

Digital signal processor What is the stuff? Input assigned to channels (frequency ranges) Analyzed for speech characteristics Sound classification schemes Appropriate gain applied independently to each channel per programming

Other aids

Bone conduction hearing aids Intact cochlea Air conduction hearing aids contraindicated Chronic drainage Microtia

CROS Contralateral Routing of Signal Microphone on one side Receiver on the other No amplification Used for unilateral loss One dead ear One normal ear